Spoiler : j'avais récupéré d'une autre config teleinfo la ligne "tx_pin: GPIO1", une fois commentée, la configuration est stable.

Disclaimer : Tous les informations disponibles dans le mode standard du Linky ne sont pas reprises dans la config ci-dessous. La config est pour un Linky monophasé.

esphome:
  name: "esp82-01"

esp8266:
  board: nodemcuv2 #d1_mini

# Enable logging
logger:
  level: DEBUG
  hardware_uart: UART1
  #baud_rate: 0

# Enable Home Assistant API
api:

ota:

wifi:
  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
  password: !secret wifi_password

  # Enable fallback hotspot (captive portal) in case wifi connection fails
  ap:
    ssid: "Esp82-01"
    password: !secret wifi_fallback_password

captive_portal:

uart:
  id: uart_bus
  rx_pin: GPIO13
  #tx_pin: GPIO1 # Was crashing when tx_pin was set
  baud_rate: 9600
  parity: EVEN
  data_bits: 7

teleinfo:
  id: myteleinfo
  update_interval: 15s
  historical_mode: false

sensor:
  - platform: wifi_signal
    name: "WiFi Signal Sensor"
    update_interval: 60s
    unit_of_measurement: dB
    accuracy_decimals: 0
    force_update: false
    icon: mdi:wifi
    
  - platform: uptime
    id: uptime_seconds
    name: "Uptime Sensor"
    update_interval: 60s
    unit_of_measurement: s
    accuracy_decimals: 0
    force_update: false
    icon: mdi:timer

  - platform: teleinfo
    tag_name: "IRMS1"
    name: "Intensite Inst."
    unit_of_measurement: "A"
    icon: mdi:current-ac
    teleinfo_id: myteleinfo

  - platform: teleinfo
    tag_name: "URMS1"
    name: "Tension Inst."
    unit_of_measurement: "V"
    icon: mdi:current-ac
    teleinfo_id: myteleinfo
    
  - platform: teleinfo
    tag_name: "SINSTS"
    name: "Puissance Inst."
    device_class: power
    unit_of_measurement: "VA"
    icon: mdi:flash
    teleinfo_id: myteleinfo
    
  - platform: teleinfo
    tag_name: "EASF01"
    name: "Index heures creuses"
    unit_of_measurement: "kWh"
    accuracy_decimals: 3
    device_class: energy
    state_class: "total_increasing"
    icon: mdi:gauge
    teleinfo_id: myteleinfo
    id: heures_creuses
    filters:
      - multiply: 0.001 
    
  - platform: teleinfo
    tag_name: "EASF02"
    name: "Index heures pleines"
    unit_of_measurement: "kWh"
    accuracy_decimals: 3
    device_class: energy
    state_class: "total_increasing"
    icon: mdi:gauge
    teleinfo_id: myteleinfo
    id: heures_pleines
    filters:
      - multiply: 0.001 
 
text_sensor:
  - platform: template
    name: Uptime
    update_interval: 30s
    icon: mdi:clock-start
    lambda: |-
      int seconds = (id(uptime_seconds).state);
      int days = seconds / (24 * 3600);
      seconds = seconds % (24 * 3600);
      int hours = seconds / 3600;
      seconds = seconds % 3600;
      int minutes = seconds / 60;
      seconds = seconds % 60;
      if ( days ) {
        return { (String(days) +"d " + String(hours) +"h " + String(minutes) +"m "+ String(seconds) +"s").c_str() };
      } else if ( hours ) {
        return { (String(hours) +"h " + String(minutes) +"m "+ String(seconds) +"s").c_str() };
      } else if ( minutes ) {
        return { (String(minutes) +"m "+ String(seconds) +"s").c_str() };
      } else {
        return { (String(seconds) +"s").c_str() };
      }

  - platform: teleinfo
    tag_name: "LTARF"
    name: "Tarif en cours"
    icon: mdi:clock-time-nine-outline